During further troubleshooting I have determined that this is a hardware issue; following the reinstallation, sqpack/ffxiv/080000.win32.dat0 was located on a cluster that is causing the entire ATA interface to drop and reset when attempts to access the full file are made. While this is incredibly dire, it is also a problem that is of little relation to Final Fantasy XIV itself, and so I will declare this ticket resolved.

However, in the event that this isn't already implemented (and may have simply failed to be triggered during this set of errors), I would like to suggest that the most recent file accessed is added to the error dialogue for future debugging purposes.