New to Final Fantasy and need help?

[Shadygrove]

Fishing: http://ff14angler.com/
Favorite wiki: https://ffxiv.gamerescape.com/wiki/Main_Page
Once you start overmelding or hunting: http://ffxiv.ariyala.com/ (this one has resourcses I don't use and therefore don't know about.)
Triple Triad: http://ffxivtriad.com/
Chocobo racing: https://ffxivchocoboracing.wordpress.com/

Advanced resources:
Endgame gathering: http://www.ffxivclock.com/#/
Endgame fishing: http://www.garlandtools.org/ffxivfisher/

FFXI had a GOOD central resource, XIV doesn't.

[Niwashi]

ShadyGrove's list is pretty good. I'd also add one more specialty site:

for crafting: http://craftingasaservice.com/
The only gripe I have with that site is how prominently it shows something it calls "crafting calculator" which is a relatively useless make-one-of-every-item thing, while its most helpful feature is comparatively hidden. The site's real benefit involves adding recipes you want to make to your Crafting List (which you can do from either the Equipment Profiler or the Recipe Book sections), and then going to that list and having it show you all the materials you'll need to get or make and where to get everything.