Unable to make progress in unlocking lv. 50 roulette

[Alistaire]

From your pic you have 1 dungeon unlocked not done, and a bunch not unlocked. The ones you said you've done are completely gone from the list. tl;dr it's working, go do Lost City of Amdapor (which is not Amdapor Keep and that's probably where the confusion is here), and unlock the rest.

http://ffxiv.consolegameswiki.com/wiki/Dungeons for a list of quests to unlock.