I figured I'd throw this together since the old one is no longer being updated. This is by no means my own work, but rather the compilation of what everyone has researched to date.
I am reorganizing the info to tidy it up a bit. I will also put notes next to the ones that are permanently missed, not currently available, or look like they are available a limited time.
If you find I am missing one, please reply with the character name of the person who has the missing achievement as well as the date they achieved it.
Patch 1.19a - Total Achievements: 708
Section 1: Rank - Achievements: 200
Physical Level: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50 permanently missed
Gladiator: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Pugilist: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Marauder: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Lancer: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Archer: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Sentinel: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Conjurer: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Thaumaturge: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Carpenter: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Blacksmith: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Armorer: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Goldsmith: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Leatherworker: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Weaver: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Alchemist: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Culinarian: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Miner: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Botanist: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Fisher: 5/10/15/20/25/30/35/40/45/50
Section 2: Guild Mark Actions/Traits/Abilities - Achievements: 105 **limited time
Gladiator (4): Heavy Slash, Self-Preservation, Heavy Stab, Swordsmanship
Pugilist (4): Pummel, Prime Conditioning, Flurry, Seasoned Veteran
Marauder (4): Heavy Swing, Intimidation, Full Swing, Axemanship
Lancer (4): Pierce, Fleet of Foot, Full Thrust, Pikemanship
Archer (4): Multishot, Out of Sight, Heavy Shot, Bowmanship
Disciple of War (6): Muscle Memory 1, Muscle Memory 2, Mind Over Matter 1, Mind Over Matter 2, Asceticism 1, Asceticism 2
Conjurer (4): Elemental Shroud, Fastcast, Nature's Fury, One with Nature
Thaumaturge (4): Silhouette, Firm Conviction, Shadowfall, Transcendence
Disciple of Magic (6): Will to Power 1, Will to Power 2, Complete Control 1, Complete Control 2, Driven by Faith 1, Driven by Faith 2
Carpenter (4): Improvise, Assemble, Perfection, Cloudkin Eluder
Blacksmith (4): Brand of Fire, Sublimation, High Return, Soulkin Eluder
Armorer (4): Brand of Earth, Resolution, Ease the Burden, Spoken Eluder
Goldsmith (4): Brand of Ice, Manipulation, Inspiration, Voidsent Eluder
Leatherworker (4): Brand of Lightning, Bold Endeavor, Clean Slate, Scalekin Eluder
Weaver (5): Brand of Wind, Grand Design, Determination, Flawlessness, Ashkin Eluder
Alchemist (5): Creative Urge, Mass Production, Extrapolation, Hand of the Gods, Forgekin Eluder
Culinarian (5): Brand of Water, Less is More, Devotion, Elemental Appeal, Vilekin Eluder
Miner (10): Prospect 3, Prospect 4, Prospect 5, Nald'thal's Ward, Menphina's Ward, Deep Vigor, Solid Reason, Stone Resolve, Master of Rock, Beastkin Eluder
Botanist (10): Triangulate 3, Triangulate 4, Triangulate 5, Nophica's Ward, Byregot's Ward, Brunt Force, Ageless Words, Green Mind, Master of Timber, Seedkin Eluder
Fisher (10): Dowse 3, Dowse 4, Dowse 5, Thaliak's Ward, Llymlaen's Ward, Deft Grasp, Tidal Faith, Clever Arch, Master of Fish, Wavekin Eluder
**With the upcoming removal of guild marks, there is potential that all of these will be missable.