So as you all know there are multiple references to RL culture an myth. This post is dedicated to those specifically to the constellations and stars that dot outer space (This post will update as more information comes in.)
Named/Specific Stars (star names are bolded):
- Scorpius: All of the Mite bosses in Toto-Rak 1.0 (including the lone mite that survived to 2.0), a FATE boss as wall as North Shroud's Rank A Mark, are named after stars in Scorpius. They are called Antares (Alpha), Shaula (Gamma), Graffias (Beta), Dschubba (Delta) and Girtab (Kappa). Antares also lends its name to a pair of ROG daggers
- Draco: Darkscale's 3 Generals and thus the bosses of certain FATEs in the Churning Mists are named after stars of Draco; Thuban (Alpha), Etamin (Gamma) and Rastaban (Beta).
- Cancer: Besides the eponymous boss of the It's Not Lupus Fate, the same fate also has wasp adds named Acubens, after the Alpha star of the Constellation.
- Ursa Minor: Another lighthouse in La Noscea is name Pharos Polaris, after the Alpha Star of Ursa Minor, and our planet's current Pole Star
- Ursa Major: a FATE in the Hinterlands has a Bear named Dubhe, one of the Stars of the Big Dipper in Ursa Major, as well as its Alpha star. Phecda, the gamma star and another star in the Big Dipper is also the name of the Rank B mark in North Shroud.
- Canus Major: The Alpha Star Sirius lends it name to two entities of XIV, the i110 AST weapon, and the well known dungeon of Pharos Sirius
- Cygnus: The Anima AST weapon is name Deneb after Cygnus's Alpha star of the same name [1]
- Lyra: An AST Weapon drops in Aurum Vale named after Vega, the Alpha Star of Lyra. The Lightning Strikes event also had a pair of Vega Knuckles for MNKs
- Aquila: An AST weapon drops in The Sunken Temple of Qarn named after Altair, the Alpha Star of Aquila. Together with the above two, these 3 Star globes reference the Summer Triangle
- Taurus: In additional to a mob in Coerthas Central Highlands, the i90 AST weapon is name Aldebaran, the Alpha Star of Taurus
- Auriga: An AST weapon drops in the Stone Vigil is name is Capella, the Alpha star of Auriga
- Carina: Various gear in Aurum Vale have as part of the name, "Canopus", after the Alpha star of Carina
- Ophiuchus: Unlike most examples here, this case isn't named after the Alpha star of the Constellation, but the Eta star. Mayhap you are familiar with the Heart of Sabik?
- Serpens: There is a certain character, one with white robes an an matching mask. His name is Unukalhai, a reference to the Alpha star.
- Hydra: Alpha Hydrae, called Alfard, lends its name to the Boss of Floor 130 of the Palace of the Dead (A pallete swap of Ningishida and thus a hydra). The Sigma star, Minaruja, lends its name to a Fate boss in the Churning Mists's Rookery (and unlike the Draco trio, this one seems unrelated to Darkscale, but is connected to the Dusk Vigil).
- Pegasus: Ramuh's Pony drop is named Markab, after The Alpha and Tau stars of Pegasus [2]
- There are other Stars with Deneb in the Name, but they usually have another part of that title (ex. Deneb Algedi), the lack of such an addition as well as the existing Vega and Altair Astrolabes implies reference to the Star in Cygnus
- There are also stars in Puppus and Vela with that name, but considering that fact that the mount in question is a horse, I assume the devs had Pegasus on their mind for at least this mount.
Constellations (note that these might be coincidences, well those outside La Noscea at least):
Unnamed/General references:
- Taurus: Used as the name for Voidsent mobs in Coerthas (and more generally a type of mobs with the same model that is also found in Haukke Manor (Hard) and Palace of the Dead), A Taurus Staff also exists in Toto-Rak
- Cancer: The name of the aforementioned boss of It's Not Lupus in La Noscea. It's a giant enemy crab.
- Cassiopeia: A 1.0 Dungeon in La Noscea is called Cassiopeia Hollow
- Phoenix: the name of the Boss of Turn 12 of the Coils of Bahamut
- Cetus: Name of the first boss of the Void Ark
- Libra: Mobile apps aside, The 2nd boss of the Lost City of Amdapor (Hard) uses an ability called Ancient Libra
- Pegasus: Used as the name of the Diadem mount, though I must repeat that like most of this list, I think this is a coincidence (as opposed to Markab above)
- Hydrus: Used as a surname for a certain Garlean legatus.
- Of the twelve, the Twins Nald'Thal, reference the Constellation/Astrological sign, Gemini. Mainly being a pair of Twins in a pantheon of sorts that number 12. They also both have an association with both Life and death
- While the AST arcanas do not all reference the Zodiac, 4 of them are similar to Western Zodiacal Signs. The Balance evokes Libra, an the Arrow evokes Sagittarius (or Saggita, a Constellation outside the elliptic that is a direct Arrow constellation) and the Ewer evokes Aquarius. Coincidentally they are each part of a pair of cards that have the same effect when use for Royal Road
- The Ascians in General are an indirect reference to the Western Zodiac. Each being named for the Light Scions of XII, which are associated with (and in 1 or 2 cases are) The Espers, which take after the Zodiac as a motif. Also the name of the Dark go, Zodiark is itself a reference. Elidibus is not named after a Scion but another associated being with Zodiark, itself associated with Ophiuchus
- The Zodiac Weapons quest start at the Atma phase, which requires the WoL to gather crystals representing the 12 Signs (Ophuchus is discounted)