http://guide-source.com/ffxiv-guide/...g-ffxiv-macros
http://ffxiv.consolegameswiki.com/wiki/Macro
http://ffxiv.consolegameswiki.com/wiki/Macro_Guides

That said, I wouldn't agree that the game is heavily reliant on macros. In fact, players would tell you that using macros would result in DPS loss and the inability to queue skills. There are definitely useful macros such as the inventory sort macro, pull countdown macros and such. But I would not recommend you to heavily rely on macros for everything.