Thanks Nyalia, I did an overhaul of the materia column based on that table you posted! It really needed it, I even found a "Craftsman's Confidence" materia in there....
I've long considered the overall voyage rating to be like an "average" of the sector ratings. It doesn't always come out clean, there have been a few cases where a rating was lower or higher than I expected based on the individual sector ratings. I started to suppose that for each gathering attempt, you roll a retrieval score, and this influences whether you get "high", "optimal", etc. (it may also influence whether you get "Several High-quality"). This variable is continuous and the gathering level reported is ordinal, but the sector rating is based off the continuous variable, so that sometimes a roll on the higher end of "abysmal" might still result in a better sector rating. I'll be the first to admit that is 100% guesswork and 0% actual analysis.
I guess I have a hard time seeing the logic behind weighing the final sector higher in the voyage ratings, unless perhaps it was a trend that the final sector was a higher ranked sector which may pull more weight. I'd say a more plausible reason for the correlation is the average theory, since each sector (including the final sector) contributes to the average, it wouldn't be surprising that the rating on any sector was correlated. But if you are finding that the final sector rating has a much higher correlation with the voyage rating than the other sectors, that would be a surprise.
I just thought of one more reason why the final sector might have a strong correlation that fits with the "average ratings" theory, sometimes people send an airship out on a single mission, especially for sector unlocks. In that case, the final sector would be the *only* sector rating to influence the voyage rating. There would be a similar high weight on two-sector trips, with the weight only decreasing as more legs are added to the voyage.
I wonder, among voyages that have 3 or 4 legs, if the final sector's rating would correlate stronger than the other sectors included in the voyage.
Edit: And Wryx found another sector so we are never going to hear the end of it!