A bit of spoilers there
1. Hes regenering from the damage it suffered at the hands of phoenix. It was critically wounded but not killed
2 Good questions, maybe on the explosion parts of Bahamut/Dalamud were sent flying away.
3. I think so on each coil if you pay atention you can see parts of its giant body.
4. Original Bahamut was one of the Midgardsormr sons, but died on the Allaghan empire era. The one was see is just a 5000 years old primal resembling Bahamut but totally different on the inside + being batshit crazy due to aeons of imprisonment.
5. You can say that last boss is basically the Essence of primal Bahamut that took a weaker form (nowhere its original form power due not being fully healed yet but still VERY powerful) to defend its core
6 Avoid the full resurection of Bahamut. Even all the Luisoux's preparations it wasnt enough to bring Bahamut down for good and it caused massive land damage. No one want a repeat of that plus theres no Luisoux now that can pull it off again even barely