If you are having trouble on Windows 8.1 it could be a good start to make sure you have all the redistribution files for DirectX 9.0, Visual C++ Runtime and .Net Framework 3.5. These aren't included in the Win 8.1 installation, but games like FFXIV still use some of them.
You can get the DirectX 9.0 redistribution here:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/downl...ils.aspx?id=35
If the web installer above dosen't work for you, try the offline redistributable:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/downl...s.aspx?id=8109
Here is a complete VC redistribution package that contains 32/64 bit versions of VC 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and older runtime files. You probably won't need everything in here for FFXIV, but by installing everything you should then be sufficently prepared for other games/software.
http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/...nstaller.shtml
This last bit might not be necessary, but you can also enable .Net Framework 3.5 in Win 8.1 just to be sure. You'll find a handy guide here:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh506443.aspx
After installing and enabling those above, perform a restart and see if the sprites are visible. Hope some of this makes it work for you.