You can on PC fairly easily, the stuff is located by default at C:\Users\<user name>\Documents\My Games\FINAL FANTASY XIV - A Realm Reborn

There is a folder for each character starting with FFXIV_CHR, just copy the files in the folder for one character to the folder for the other character.

You might end up with some bad info, like retainer venture status in your /timer, but it will update when you refresh the information, calling your retainer in case of the venture status.