You can visit the yellow gremlin database site if you want to see the list of craft-able mage weapons for Conjurer and Thaumaturge along with recipes details and craft requirement.
> List of CON weapons: http://ffxiv.yg.com/items?f=c=1.6
> List of THM weapons: http://ffxiv.yg.com/items?f=c=1.7
As for gathering job, you'll need Botany in order to harvest [item=10005202]moko grass[/item] and [item=10005203]cotton boll[/item] for making hempen and cotton yarn. You can begin making [item=10005301]hempen yarn[/item] as a rank 1 weaver and work your way to making [item=10005001]undyed hempen cloth[/item]; this recipe requires weaving training and the use of the Common Clothshop facility, so I wouldn't recommend attempting to make it until you are at a higher rank. After hempen you should then grind on [item=10005302]cotton yarn[/item] and making [item=10005005]undyed cotton cloth[/item].
> Weathered Hatchet for changing your class into Botanist - required to harvest from trees.
> Bronze Scythe for harvesting moko grass, cotton bolls and things. >Guide to Botany<
The weaver's guild is located in Ul'dah so you need to leave Gridiania and travels south, past Camp Tranquil, until you reach the region of Thanalan. Travels westward from there and you will pass two other camps before you reach Ul'dah. You can press 'M' on your keyboard to open up your map. On the way make sure to "attunes" yourself to any Aetheryte crystal located at the camp that you pass along the way so you will be able to instantly teleport to those location with your anima. You can return to Gridiania at any time if you have enough anima (setting your "home point" at any Aether. crystal and you'll be be able to return there without using anime), you can also set up three favored teleport locations that will half the anime amount for teleporting to those respective locations.
Once you reach Ul'dah, touch the crystal there and go to the Adventure's Guild and rent your two retainers that will help you sell things at the market wards (you can do this in Grid. but since Ul'dah is more populated on all servers, it's better to set up your retainers and go shopping in Ul'dah wards). The recipes for making armors are quite convoluted at the moment unless you're willing to spend a lot of time leveling various crafts and searching the wards for materials. Just try to keep your main weapon upgraded as your rank increases and maybe your body armor as well since those increase your damage and defense the most. Stats for battles/crafting and recipes are getting an overhaul in the next patch (late Sept) so it will be easier for newbies to make and find items and armors, so try not to get discouraged.
As for quests, you can get 8 regional-leves for leveling your mage/battle classes and 8 local-leves for leveling your crafting classes every 36 hours. There are NPC's quests as well but I'm not sure how plentiful those are at low levels and they might only show up depending on your highest rank.