Welcome to FFXIV! Glad to have you.

For answers to your questions:

1. there are different end game armor sets to a point, but they are mostly one set per item level. However, at max level you have access to the Glamour system, which essentially means you can change your armor to look like any other armor you have in the game, a lot like the Transmog system from WoW if you played that in the past. It means that while people may have the same armor, each person can look quite different, using their favorite gear set.

2. Npc Dialogues generally do not have voiceover, except for select main story quests. Your settings aren't wrong, just not all of them have it. It is a lot like Rumble effects on controllers, only in certain places such as cutscenes.

3. Healer and Tank queues are much shorter, and there is a common theme in this most of the way while leveling, but they seem to balance themselves out during the endgame. That said, part of the benefit to playing as a tank or healer class (and not getting the "I'm killing stuff" high) is having a much shorter queue.

4. as of current surveys, there is a lot more balance than there used to be with job disposition. Also, since it is possible to have multiple of the same dps job in a party (or any job really) you can play whichever class you feel most comfortable with, and there will be opportunities for you.

5. You can have all of your classes on a single character. essentially, when you change class, your stats reset to be class specific. so if you equip a GLA weapon, your stats reflect a high str and vit build, and then if you change to a CNJ, your stats will change to be more ming and piety based. Basic race stats mean almost nothing in end game. You can be whichever race you want in any class you want, unless you are a super min/ max person, but they mean less than a 1% difference at endgame.

Hope this helps!