Sony/PSN has been having stability issues for along time now (SE AM is linked to PSN, so Sony's problems have a direct impact on PS3/4 users).... likewise various regions have been having stability issues with all kinds of web services for a long time now because of issues along the third party backbones that connect all our ISP's to form what we call the Internet.
The peering/transit arrangements our ISP's maintain with the larger network providers for interconnectivity both across North America and worldwide are not setup to effectively manage the traffic through some regions. If you look at the maps linked through that second link, you will see the impact this has on a regional basis. The vast majority of the world's traffic is coming through a handful of corridors to get to Montreal--the same corridors we have to use here in the US. As a result, you see high congestion/packet loss in specific regions on both the eastern and western seaboards, as well as some through the mid-west. It's because all the traffic gets concentrated in specific areas, bogs down, and isn't getting re-routed away fast enough.
That third link is an app with several tools to get an overview of what has been going on worldwide on the Internet. If you change the drop box to Index by Industry, you can see stats on specific sectors of industry (defaults to Retail, but has lots of other industries you can look at) and you can zoom in on specific regions. The snapshot graph of traffic flow demonstrates how quickly the usage can ramp up, which is the cause of the clogged pipes--think of it like a rush-hour traffic jam.
It is a systemic problem that our ISP's need to collectively address with the Tier 1 providers they partner with, but the necessary changes take time to implement, as much of it requires new builds that have to pass regulatory approval--which unfortunately can get bogged down by both local and national politics. But, in the short term, our ISP's can and should be able to alter our routes amongst their different routing partners (regional ISP's are required to maintain agreements with no less than 3 different NSP's).
They won't necessarily automatically capture the excessive congestion in your route though---you need to let their Tier3 techs know something is up (not the guys at the help desk that first take your call, you need to specifically ask for Tier3, and if they don't understand... demand to be forwarded to someone higher up until you find someone who does). This is easily done by submitting a ticket to them and including a tracert to at least your lobby server if you can't get your game server. Even if you don't/can't provide a trace report, at the very least, they should be able to conduct their own traces and such for you if you provide them the address to use. The lobby servers have registered FQDN's that you can provide them for testing (odd numbers are for Japan, even are for Canada):
neolobby01.ffxiv.com
neolobby02.ffxiv.com
neolobby03.ffxiv.com
neolobby04.ffxiv.com
neolobby05.ffxiv.com
neolobby06.ffxiv.com