No, the original quest to obtain your Relic is a very unique questline in this game and nothing else follows it at all. People are suggesting to you the Hildibrand quests (which are hilarious and absolutely worth experiencing), but if I am understanding you correctly I don't think it will satiate your need for a similar quest. The Hildibrand quest line is long, but it isn't one singular quest. It is a lot of short quests that all follow the same path. The relic quest gives you a multitude of different activities you need to do within the same quest, (finding your base, crafting (or buying) your precursor, melding (or, again, buying) the materia needed, farming 24 mobs, and 5 boss trials). Hildibrand has a lot of comedy infused into fetch, or go-here type quests with one very cool boss at the end of what we have so far.

I don't mean to dismiss what the others are saying, but I don't want you to get false hope. The relic quest is unique, and there really is no single quest in the game like it.