go to Documents\My Games\FINAL FANTASY XIV - A Realm Reborn\ open up FFXIV_BOOT.cfg in word pad or notepad.

you should see this

<FINAL FANTASY XIV Boot Config File>

<Version>
Version 2
Language 1
Region 2
EulaAgreement 1
StartupCompleted 1
B4EulaAgreement 1
BootVersionCheckMode 0
ConfigReset 0

the line in bold is the key change the 0 to a 1 and it forces it to check version upon opening the launcher.

After doing this it updated launcher and the game fine.
Forgot who posted it, but I had it copied :3 hope it helps you !