The same issue, with screenshots, has been described here but was for some reason moved to insufficient information (even though it was sufficiently detailed to reproduce the bug every single time; at least on Windows).

Date & Time:
Any

Frequency:
Always

Character Name:
Gwaeryn Wenyan

Race:
Miqo'te

World:
Sargatanas

Class/Level:
Any/any

Area and Coordinates:
Everywhere

Party or Solo:
Both

NPC Name:
None

Monster Name:
None

In-Game Time:
Any

Steps:
1: Unlock any achievement that is part of a meta-achievement, such as A Miner's Life For Me: Thanalan.
2: Highlight the meta-achievement previously mentioned achievement is part of, for example A Miner's Life For Me: Eorzea. Press the confirm button.
3: The checkmarks that are supposed to appear next to already completed sub-achievements are absent.

Note that this is the case for all such achievements, not only A Miner's Life for Me, no matter how many of the sub-achievements have been completed. Even finishing all of them and unlocking the meta-achievement will not show the checkmarks.