Looks like you understand the math to me. If not, you can find a more detailed explanation here.

If that doesn't work, I'll go ahead and throw out the sarcasm and explain this in easier to understand terms.

For the average dragoon, as you start gearing at 50, you'll find lots of new gear and stats to explore. As a baseline (as you can see here in the weights that you've linked,) you will be using
Weapon Damage: 8.488
Strength: 1
Determination: .323
Crit: 0.184
Skill Speed: .152
as your stat weights. This is a list of all the stats relative to strength. When you're looking to upgrade your weapon, start by looking at the weapon's damage. If the weapon's damage is even 1 or more higher than your current weapon, it is probably a good upgrade. I can't think of any weapons that aren't linear in the weapon damage + strength increase at 50, so you can't go wrong choosing the higher ilvl / weapon damage upgrade.

Now let's look at the other stats. Strength, Determination, Critical Hit, and Skill Speed.
Strength is your main stat. Make sure you're getting it when you can. With the current items in the game, chances are you're going to want to upgrade to the highest ilvl item that you have, and it most likely has more strength.

Determination increases your damage done to the mobs.
Critical Hit increases your chance to critically hit.
Skill speed lowers your animation lock / global cooldown when using abilities.

According to the stat weights, 1 str = ~3 Det = ~5.4 crit = ~6.6 skill speed

So let's look at two items: The Inferno Bangle of Striking (i90 ifrit ex bracelet) vs the Hero's Bracelet of Slaying (i90 myth bracelet)
Inferno: Strength +13, Accuracy +16, Critical Hit Rate +11
Hero: Strength +13, Accuracy +11, Determination +11
So if we add up the stat weights referencing the table we keep quoting, we can see that the Inferno has an item value of : 15.024 vs the Hero's value of : 16.553.

We don't weigh accuracy because there is a hard cap for it, but as you can see, the Hero's bracelet maths out to a much better value for the item.
In reality, this is going to increase our dps by very little. However, when you optimize all of your pieces to make a "best in slot" set, you can significantly increase your dps output through "min/maxing" your gear.

Just to throw out some insight from an i90 dragoon who has completed all current content and has almost every piece of dragoon gear available, these maths work out best.
Dragoons use a combo system and rely heavily on dots and auto attacks, which makes skill speed pretty much shit for us. Critical hit is good, but the difference between having 400 critical rate and 500 critical rate is something like 4-5% critical hit chance. This seems like a good increase until you realize that stacking critical hit to 500 gets you about 17-18% critical hit chance in full i90 gear. This really isn't much considering you have life surge which gives you a sure crit.

tldr; Str > Det > Crit > Skill Speed //// 1 str = ~3 Det = ~5.4 crit = ~6.6 skill speed