Questioning the Summoner using dots is a dead debate now, but I'd like to add some insight on what I've found from switching the game to Japanese. Suddenly the Arcanist class seems like a much more consolidated design than it does in English.
This might be long.
Note: This will not appease people who want Summoner to be something else. All it will do is to show the consolidated theme the class is built on, which doesn't seem obvious (to me at least, but hey I might be slow) in English.
I posit that the Arcanist is actually based on Final Fantasy 13 (to some extent, though FF13 is not the point). Now this is not to say, the general concept did not exist beforehand, just that that's the last evolution from which FF14 takes cues from.
The evidence isn't absolute, but I consider it convincing.
Let me first start which scholar terms as it is the most obvious:
Sacred Soil is not sacred at all in Japanese. The kanji used references a defensive circle formation. The actual circle is just a visual representation for the scholar telling the party to form a defensive formation.
Similarly, Adloquium and Succor are much more connected to army morale and uses references to the Chinese Three Kingdoms Tale.
The Scholar is ACTUALLY a war Scholar. It comes across as somewhat priestly in the English version, and I believe they chose this simply as a familiar localization.
Scholars are common characters in Japanese and Chinese who study the art of war by Sun Tzu and other strategists and they hold a high place in the army.
This is why Scholar works as a support class, cause it's not really that magical at all. The fairy is there to add flavor to an otherwise very pragmatic class. In english, it seems to fit the priest-like theme. In Japanese, it's actually a contrast.
Now you might be wondering where FF13 fits in. Well, the same language is used in FF13's paradigm system. Both are very concerned with formation and battle strategies, using similar kanji and references.
When I first tried ACN out, I always wondered what Ruin is. I forgot about it being in FF13, and it hasn't been used in ANY OTHER GAME. I always wondered what is this thing I'm casting.
Now I still don't know what it is, but now that I remember it being used by Commandos in FF13 it's a little less out of place.
None of this really explains SMNs though. Honestly, the connection is simply the Arcanist class.
The class itself is based on battle formation, warfare and strategy. The quest dialog, if you 50s remember, were all about just that. Arcanist are not really your normal magic users. They are not concerned with power or mysticism in any way, they use magic subtly(dots and commands) to manipulate the battlefield. As strategists, they don't get too involved. When they do need more direct influence, they have a minion to do their dirty work.
I believe SMNs got grouped into this class as the minions work with their focus on commanding and because summoning is under 'techical magic' and perhaps 'practical magic'. I may be able to add more, but I've been leveling as a scholar so I haven't gotten to take a good look at SMN.
Thinking of it in terms of FF13 (even if you don't like to think of FF13, lol) makes the whole thing much clearer and consolidated. Aside for the terminology and naming being the same, the two jobs follow as well.
The Scholar acts as a Synergist support as well as a Medic, helping with defensive commands and formation. In contrast, Summoners are offensive, subtly turning the tide of battle as something of a Saboteur in combination with their summon.
Being able to summon is the highlight of their offensive strategy, but I don't believe it's much more than a tool in their arsenal. The fact that summoners were put in the ACN class made things much less about the summon since it is a pragmatic class. If you agree with that choice or not is another thing.
I'm not here to justify the choice or what it should mean to be a Summoner. I'm just giving some insight because I didn't really understand the centralized theme when it came to ACN, SCH and SMN. They have dots and pets, but there was little substance that I found outside of that in terms of class/job identity.
So maybe someone else will find this as interesting a revelation as I did.