So it actually didn't even start downloading? Checked patch and popped an error? I play it at laptop and it worked well so i'd assume that it isn't the laptop.

Is your patcher a blue or red screen? If its red the game isn't being able to connect to the internet (so the patcher wasn't able to even update self) What windows is yours? Try checking this:

Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Firewall > Allow a program to go thru firewall and yadda yadda (not sure how it is at english version of windows). There, search the FINAL FANTASY XIV BOOT at the list and check its checkbox if unchecked. If the checkbox was unchecked is because the firewall was blocking it from connecting. Once its checked, try updating it again.