For me, it seems like it updates within 1-2 hours after last log out. Although for some reason my appearance takes much longer to update. For example, my character shows me wearing equipment from 5-6 levels ago even though the actual gear slots have the accurate items.
Technical support is probably not the place for this type of thread.
Hell, class and gear taking a while to sync is one thing, but I've been in a Free Company for well over a week now and that doesn't show up.
I've definitely noticed a significant amount of lag in the character information on the Lodestone over the last week or so. Yesterday, my character's level was still showing at 30, even though I had been at level 32 for over a day and a half. Not a big deal, but I suppose it's worth mentioning just in case it's a symptom of a larger issue.