Quality-based exp bonus? Don't get too excited...
Synth quality exp bonus is based off the difference between the initial quality and the ending quality and is in no way affected by the inital quality.
Evidence:
Target Synth - Rosewood Lumber(46)
Target Crafter - CRP 43
Item Used - Rosewood Log +3
For the first synth, I didn't record the inital quality, but here's the end result.
http://i66.photobucket.com/albums/h2...wtfQuality.png
I was baffled by the miniscule bonus for such high quality, so I tried another one, this time deliberately trying to get as little quality as possible.
Initial Quality: 311
http://i66.photobucket.com/albums/h2...tfQuality2.png
ARGH! I was so frustrated after seeing that. I purposely was waiting to use by Rosewood Log +3s until after 1.20 patch because I thought I'd get more exp...
If you're not convinced by just these two synths, here's one other data point that seals the deal. I made a Peiste Leather(41) on my LTW 41 using an NQ Peiste Skin. This was before I did the Rosewood tests, so I didn't note the starting quality, but the ending quality was 31. I got a 10% exp bonus.