some kind of textual problem

I don't know how/why this happened but recently when I've been trying to play the game I car run around and do whatever without a whole lot of issue but when i try to talk to an npc or i try to open my journal to look at quests and the like the text just doesn't show up. I essentially have to exit the game when I try talking to NPCs because the text never loads, and I can't figure out what to do with any of my quests/leves because the text doesn't load. This wasn't happening until a few hours ago but it makes the game essentially unplayable so was hoping someone knew what might effect all that. The biggest problem i have with the game is loading times, so this is probably some extension of that, but i don't know how or if i even can fix it.

The loading times are directly affected by the HDD transfer speed. Did that bug suddenly occur while playing the game or after starting the game right on the first dialog? If it didn't happen in the middle of playing it might be due to a change in your system. Otherwise files might be corrupt.

No dialogue was fine for a while and then just today it stopped loading for whatever reason; the cutscene dialogues have always taken forever to load however. I have a two week return policy on my computer so I'm contemplating just going back in and picking up a gaming computer since its looking like im gonna play games frequently, which i just should have done in the first place

If you plan on playing FF14 and money isn't going to be too much of an issue, I highly and vehemently recommend simply getting a beefier system. As for the text disappearing it sounds like GUI glitches that pop up. There is a whole range of GUI related "no display" bugs. Leve widgets don't appear. BR icons don't appear over mobs. Leve Cards pop up blank. Chat log goes completely blank. The newest one on me, started a couple days ago, is all text starts flashing on and off until I enter the main menu.

And I wouldn't buy a pre-built system ever. I would always pick the parts myself and maybe even assemble it myself (it's easy enough if one is following the instructions).
That's the only way to get a decent system(runs games at high settings) for less than 1000 bucks.