It's not uncommon for the summoners of a primal to be tempered during the summoning by "coming into symbiosis" (to quote one variant of Emet-Selch's dialogue) with the primal's aether and psycho-spiritual will. The will of Zodiark was simply so strong that not even the ancients could summon him without it happening (though it sounds like they only understood this in retrospect). This was also explored a bit with Ga Bu and Tiamat.
I think a summary of the mechanics would be:
- Primal summoners are often tempered by the summoning itself
- A primal might have a "leaky aura" that drags you under their influence just standing in their vicinity
- A primal can deliberately bathe you in corrupting aether (the way the aether is "cast" might vary from primal to primal)
- The "bath" of corrupting aether can leave an "aetherioactive residue" on stuff, and then that stuff can be used to temper indirectly for a time
In Endwalker, Livingway introduces a loop-hole: the summoning ritual taught by the Ascians was deliberately designed to temper the summoners regardless of how powerful the primal was, so if you remove that, and don't summon anything too, too strong, and you plan for it to be a nice primal that doesn't temper things, you can avoid the risk and power your super cool starship with them.
