Quick Notes on Sophia:
She was the Meracydian "Goddess" of balance, but she's effectively a True Neutral. Word of God (well, word of Koji Fox) states that all she cares about is balance. If the world leans toward too good, she's evil. If evil, she's good.
Her song, while nice, was revealed to be a pretty grim story about how when a Meracydian girl who's father died in the war against the Allagans prayed to her for help when her mother began to mistreat her out of grief, Sophia told her the only way to restore the balance of her family ("with balance will your worry part") was to kill her mother, then upon doing so, Sophia then said the loss of her mother only further imbalanced her family, and the only way to restore it was to kill herself. ("One last step only leaving, an empty hearth down by the sea.")
Garlean occupation of Ala Mihgo (since I saw a question about it):
To keep it short, call it bad (or good?) timing by the Garleans to have swooped in immediately after a civil war ended in the overthrow of Ala Mihgo's "Mad King" Theodoric. Weak from years of his madness and a bloody civil war, plus the Garlean's Magitek advantage, Ala Mihgo couldn't really fight back.
I forget where I read it, but Xelphatol and its harsh winds/Ixal threat is the only reason Garlemald didn't invade Ishgard first (it is further northeast of Eorzea, and remember Xelphatol makes up a rather large portion of the northeast of the continent).
