FFXIclopedia can tell you were to get all the items.

Other good resources are Gamerescape for newer info and BGWiki for more mathy stuff. BGWiki isn't always great for figuring out what to do to finish a quest.

Should you need to shout for one.. type this

/translate "Item Name", like /translate "Angelstone"

After you press [return] you can tab to [Items] in auto-translate and find Angelstone. Future uses in that game-session will allow you to just type Angel[tab] and find it.