1. DA/TA/QA = double attack/triple attack/quadruple attack. I.e. gear that will increase your chances of swinging 2/3/4 times per attack round. Examples would be Brutal Earring (double attack), Windbuffet Belt (triple attack and quadruple attack), Ganesha's Mala (quadruple attack).
2. -DT = -damage taken, i.e. it will reduce the damage you take from both physical and magical attacks.
3. EP Dynamis = dynamis mobs that check easy prey.
4. WS modifiers = stats that will increase your ws damage. For example Tachi: Shoha has STR as it's modifier, which means stacking STR gear in your ws gearset will increase your damage.
5. -P/M/DT = -PDT means -physical damage taken; you take less damage from being hit. -MDT means -magical damage taken; you take less damage from magic. -DT; see 2.
6. VW procs = magic, weaponskills and job abilities that will stagger the enemy when doing Voidwatch. If you want to learn more, I suggest you check this page out:
http://wiki.bluegartr.com/bg/Category:Voidwatch.
7. Cap lights = when doing Voidwatch (VW/VWNM), you want to at least cap red spectral alignment (red light) for a higher chance at the rare drops. Red light is raised by staggering the enemy with magic (specific spells per element). This is also better and more thoroughly explained in the link above.
8. /fume = sometimes you have bad luck when doing Voidwatch, and for some reason you're unable to stagger the enemy. You have the option to do the /fume emote at the enemy, which will reset it weaknesses. Can only be done by the player with hate, and only every 5 minutes (1st chance 5 minutes after pop).
Hope that helps. And if you have any further questions, don't be afraid to ask.