Thanks so much for the prompt responses .

What exactly is Signet though? And were would I find an NPC that would give it to me?

I checked out FFXIclopedia, and found it really helpful as far as finishing the first 3 missions. I don't think I would've been able to find my way around without their maps, and breakdowns of the missions.
I'll make sure to put them to good use in order to get to Gusgen Mines.

The only thing I couldn't find on there was an explanation of where to go to do these conquests between missions.

Thanks for making the response as non-complicated as possible. I'm still learning all the terms involved.