Some dynamis info:

Maps bought at the goblin NPC that sells hour glasses.
125,000gil to purchase all the dynamis maps.

5 Time extensions for a total of 1 hour extension.

Procs work the same on beastmen, and it appears to be all Job Ability procs for the regular mobs. Only tried a few families... Crabs, Crawlers, Mandies, all JA procs